Coffee Chemistry

Sugars & Carbohydrates in Coffee

How sugars in green coffee contribute to roasting reactions and the sensory character of roasted coffee.

Sugars in the green seed

Coffee contains simple sugars and larger carbohydrates. Their amounts vary with genetics, maturation and processing.

Roasting reactions

Sugars participate in caramelisation and, together with amino compounds, Maillard reactions. These reactions generate many of the aromas and colours associated with roasted coffee.

Sweetness is not simply sugar

Most brewed coffee is not sweet because large amounts of intact sugar dissolve into the cup. Perceived sweetness is a sensory construct influenced by aroma, acids, bitterness, texture and the concentration of flavour-active compounds.

Processing and ripeness

Fruit maturity and processing can influence the chemical starting point of the green coffee, which can affect roast development and sensory expression.

Continue exploring

Production

Green coffee

Follow coffee from plant and cherry through processing, drying, milling and storage.

Green coffee →
Chemistry

Coffee chemistry

Explore the compounds and reactions that shape roasted coffee.

Coffee chemistry →
Extraction

Coffee extraction

Connect grind, water, temperature, time, concentration and extraction.

Coffee extraction →
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Coffee Knowledge presents technical subjects as an educational reference. Terminology, grading systems and production practices can vary by country, producer, equipment and commercial context.